Bad Things?

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David Owen, "The Objectively Objectionable Grammatical Pet Peeve", The New Yorker 1/12/2023:

Usage preferences are preferences, not laws, and I sometimes switch sides. […]

But some common practices are objectively objectionable, in my opinion. Here’s an example of a sentence type that I think no writer should ever use:

A former resident of Brooklyn, Mrs. Jones is survived by three daughters and five grandchildren.

The first phrase is an appositive—typically a noun or noun phrase that modifies another noun or noun phrase, which appears next to it in the sentence. (“A former resident of Brooklyn” and “Mrs. Jones” refer to the same person, so they are said to be “in apposition.”) Appositives almost always follow the noun they modify, and are set off by commas; the kind I don’t like come first. I also don’t like sentences that, to me, seem closely related to my “Mrs. Jones” example, but are syntactically different, as in this paragraph from National Geographic:

Known affectionately as “the girls,” Ruth and Emily have a lot of fun for two Asian elephants. Ages 54 and 48, they spend their days tinkering with an array of special toys at the Buttonwood Park Zoo in Massachusetts. No mere plastic playthings, these toys have been engineered to appeal to the pachyderms’ social nature, psychology, and intelligence.

My problem with all such sentences is that they seem to have been turned inside out: they start in one direction, then swerve in another.  […] Grammatical terms are hard to keep straight, even for grammarians. For the sake of simplicity, therefore, I will refer to all such front-loaded, somersaulting sentences as Bad Things.

Owen makes the fair point that such initial appositives are unlikely in spoken language:

No one has ever said to you, “A sophomore at Cornell, my niece is coming home for Christmas,” or “Sixty-six years old, my wife is an incredible cook.” Either sentence, if spoken, would sound almost comical, as though the speaker were struggling to learn English. (You wouldn’t use one in an e-mail or a text to a friend, either.) Yet, if you were writing an obituary for your college’s alumni magazine, let’s say, you wouldn’t hesitate: “A standout schoolboy athlete, he ran his family’s door-and-window business.”

But he then goes on to make a claim that I think is probably false:

I would dismiss my antipathy as idiosyncrasy if it weren’t for an interesting fact: writers haven’t always used Bad Things. When I complained about them to my mother-in-law, who used to be a high-school English teacher, she guessed that they were a vestige of the Augustan era or some other period when written English was more ornate than it is now. But that doesn’t seem to be true.  […] A couple of decades of semi-attentive random reading has convinced me that, the longer ago a book or essay was written, the less likely it is to contain even one Bad Thing.

He waves his hand at Samuel Johnson, Charlotte Brontë, and Charles Dickens, and he claims that

Bad Things remained rare in the early decades of the twentieth century. Then they began to proliferate, and now I see them everywhere. 

A serious history analysis awaits a parser that can (semi-)accurately identify such initial appositives — if you know of one, or think you can develop one, please let me know. [Update — for a quick check on the accuracy of Owen's historical hand-waving, see "More 'Bad Things'…"]

Meanwhile, it's easy to identify sentences that start with VERB+ing or VERB-ed words, and then to exclude the ones that are not genuine appositives, yielding a subset of the "Bad Things" in a given work. Doing this for Robinson Crusoe (1719) yields about 30 results:

Having some money, and appearing like a gentleman, I went on board, not as a common sailor or foremast man; nay, the commander agreed I should go that voyage with him without any expence; that I should be his messmate and companion, and I was very welcome to carry any thing with me, and make the best merchandise I could.
Encouraged at this, I set up my patron's ancient, and fired a gun, both as signals of distress; upon which they very kindly lay to, so that in three hours time I came up with them.
Having a pleasant voyage to the Brazils, we arrived in the Bay de Todos los Santos, or All Saints Bay, in twenty-two days after.
Being recommended to an honest planter, I lived with him till such time as I was informed of the manner of their planting and making sugar; and seeing how well they lived, and how suddenly they grew rich, I was filled with a desire to settle among them, and resolved to get my money remitted to me, and to purchase a plantation.
Having lived four years in Brazil, I had net only learned the language, but contracted acquaintance with the most eminent planters, and even the merchants of St. Salvadore; to whom, once, by way of discourse, having given account of my two voyages to the coast of Guinea and the manner of trading there for mere trifles, by which we furnish our plantations with Negroes, they gave such attention to what I said, that three of them came one morning to me, and told me they had a secret proposal to make.
Having secured those, I made to the ship, whose stern was torn off, and washed a great distance ashore; but the rest lay in the sands.
Having passed the vale where my bower stood, I came within view of the sea lying to the west when it being a clear day, I fairly descried land, extending from the W. to the S.W. about ten or fifteen leagues, as I concluded; but could not say whether it was an island or a continent.–Neither could I tell what this place might be; only thought it was part of America, & where I might have been in a miserable condition, had I landed.
Having no fine thin canvas to search the meal through, I could not tell what to do.
Having laid this design aside, I again proposed to myself to lie privately in ambush, in some convenient place, with my three guns double loaded, and let fly at them in the midst of their dreadful ceremony: and having killed two or three of them at every shot, fall upon the rest suddenly with my three pistols, & not let one mother's son escape.
Stepping back, _Lord!_ (thought I to myself) _where am I got, into what enchanted place have I plunged myself, such as are reported to contain miserable captives, till death puts an end to their sorrow_?
Having crept upon my hands and feet, through this strait, I found the roof higher up, I think about twenty feet.
Searching farther, I found a cask containing about twenty gallons, full of liquor, which, with some labour, I got into my boat; in her cabin were several muskets, which I let remain there; but took away with me a great powder horn, with about four pounds of powder in it.
Having refreshed myself, and got all my effects on shore I next proceeded to examine the particulars; and so tapping the cask, I found the liquor to be a kind of rum, but not like what we had at the Brazils, non indeed near so good.
Having retired to my castle, after my late voyage to the ship, my frigate laid up and secured, as usual, and my condition the same as before, except being richer, though I had as little occasion for riches as the Indians of Peru had for gold, before the cruel Spaniards came among them: One night in March, being the rainy season in the four and twentieth year of my solitude, I lay down to sleep, very well in health, without distemper pain, or uncommon uneasiness, either of body or mind; yet notwithstanding, I could not compose myself to sleep all the night long.
Having thus discussed my thoughts in the clearest manner, according to my weak understanding, I next proceeded to consider _the wretched nature of those destroying savages, by seeming, though with great reverence,_ to enquire _why God should give up any of his creatures to such inhumanity, even to brutality itself, to devour its own kind?_ but as this was rather matter of obstruse speculation, and as my miserable situation made me think this of mine the most uncomfortable situation in the world, I then began rather to inquire _what part of the world these wretches lived in; how far off the coast was from whence they came; why they ventured over so far from home; what kind of boats conveyed them hither; and why I could not order myself and my business so, that I might be able to attack their country, as they were to come to my kingdom.
Inspired with this firm resolution, I set all my wits at work, to find out what methods I should take to answer my design: this, indeed, was so difficult a task, that I could not pitch upon any probable means to execute it: I, therefore, resolved continually to be in a vigilant posture, to perceive when the savages came on shore and to leave the rest to the event, let the opportunities offer as they would.
Having waited for some time, my impatient temper would let me bear it no longer; I set my guns at the foot of my ladder, and, as usual, ascended up to the top of the hill at two stages, standing, however, in such a manner, that my head did not appear above the hill, so that they could easily perceive me; and here, by the assistance of my perspective glass, I observed no less than thirty in number around a fire, feasting upon what meat they had dressed: how they cooked it, or what it was, I could not then perfectly tell; but they were all dancing and capering about the flames, using many frightful and barbarous gestures.
Being very thirsty myself I drank some of the water, of which his father had drank sufficiently, it more revived his spirits than all the rum I had given him.
Touched with this unhappy disaster, and considering my former circumstances, when the Portuguese Captain took me up, I immediately ordered five guns to be fired that the poor creatures, not seeing us, it being dark, (though we could perceive their flame) might be sensible there was deliverance at hand, and consequently might endeavor to save themselves in their boat.
Being a-pleased with the modesty of his carriage, I told him he should not be worse used for being of a different persuasion, if upon that very account, we did not differ in points of faith, not decent in a part of the country where the poor Indians ought to be instructed in the knowledge of the true God, and his Son Jesus Christ.
Amazed with such true piety and sincerity, and considering the validity of a written contract, I acknowledged all that he said to be very just and kind, and that I would discourse with the man about it; neither could I see what reason they could have not to let him marry them, whose authority in that affair is owned to be as authentic as if they were married by any of our clergymen in England.
Thinking that it was he himself that had courted his mother's maid, I persuaded him not to do any thing rashly upon the account of his solitary circumstances; that the maid was an unequal match for him, both in respect to substance and years; and that it was very probable he would live to return to his own country, where he might have a far better choice.
Being now under sail, we took our last farewell of poor honest Friday, and interred him with all possible decency and solemnity, putting him in a coffin, and committing him to the deep, at the same time cauling eleven guns to be fired at him.
Having now a fair wind for Brazil, in about twelve days time we made land in the latitude of five degrees south of the line.
Satisfied with this discovery I was for going on board again; but the boatswain and the rest told me, they would make a visit to the Indian town, where these dogs (so they called them) resided, asking me at the same time to go along with them; for they did not doubt, besides getting a good booty, but they should find Tom Jeffery there, for that was the unhappy man we missed.
Being sensible, that, having the old man on board, he was incapable of doing me any mischief, "Well, Seignior, (said I) it is for this very reason I would have you carry us up to Nanquin, where neither English nor Dutch ships come; and I must tell you, their Captains are a parcel of rash, proud, insolent rascals, that neither know what belongs to justice, nor how to behave themselves as the laws of God or nature direct; fellows that would prove murderers to punish robbers, and take upon them to adjudge innocent men to death, without any proof to prove them guilty, but perhaps I may live to call them to account for it, in a place where they may be taught how justice is to be executed."
Being curious to see their way of living, while the caravan continued to rest themselves in that city, I went to one of their villages, where there was to be one of their solemn sacrifices.
Having passed the river Kama, we came to a city on the European side, called Soloy Kamoskoi, where we found the people mostly Pagans as before.
Terrified with this apparition, he consulted several friends, who advised him to take the advice.
Having some linnen cloth by him, he sewed him some shirts with a nail, and stiched them with the worsted of his old stockings, which he pulled out on purpose.

Doing it for one volume of Gibbon's Decline and Fall (1776) yields 69 examples (which in this case I've sorted in alphabetical order, never mind why):

Abandoning his camp and magazines, he marched away with secrecy and diligence at the head of the greatest part of his cavalry, and was soon removed beyond the danger of a pursuit.
Acknowledging that the literal sense is repugnant to every principle of faith as well as reason, they deem themselves secure and invulnerable behind the ample veil of allegory, which they carefully spread over every tender part of the Mosaic dispensation.
Addressing himself by turns to the multitude and to individuals, he sometimes implored their mercy, and sometimes expressed his indignation; conjured them not to sully the fame of their immortal victories; and ventured to promise, that if they would immediately return to their allegiance, he would undertake to obtain from the emperor not only a free and gracious pardon, but even the revocation of the orders which had excited their resentment.
Advancing at the head of his legions, he accepted the submission of Ancyra, and was admitted into Tyana, after an obstinate siege, by the help of a perfidious citizen.
Advancing with a steady and rapid course, he passed, without difficulty, the defiles of the Apennine, received into his party the troops and ambassadors sent to retard his progress, and made a short halt at Interamnia, about seventy miles from Rome.
Applying this authentic fact to the most correct tables of mortality, it evidently proves, that above half the people of Alexandria had perished; and could we venture to extend the analogy to the other provinces, we might suspect, that war, pestilence, and famine, had consumed, in a few years, the moiety of the human species.
Arising from the extremity of Africa, these successful rivals extinguished, in Egypt and Syria, both the spiritual and temporal authority of the Abbassides; and the monarch of the Nile insulted the humble pontiff on the banks of the Tigris.
Arming a desperate troop of slaves and gladiators, he overpowered the feeble guard of the domestic tranquillity of Rome, received the homage of the senate, and assuming the title of Augustus, precariously reigned during a tumult of twenty-eight days.
Besieging Rome by land and water, he thrice entered the gates as a Barbarian conqueror; profaned the altars, violated the virgins, pillaged the merchants, performed his devotions at St. Peter's, and left a garrison in the castle of St. Angelo.
Blending in the same discourse the texts of Livy and St. Paul, uniting the motives of gospel, and of classic, enthusiasm, he admonished the Romans, how strangely their patience and the vices of the clergy had degenerated from the primitive times of the church and the city.
Calling forth that spirit and those abilities by which he had deserved the friendship of Galerius and the Imperial purple, he prepared himself for the contest, collected the forces of the East, and soon filled the plains of Hadrianople with his troops, and the Straits of the Hellespont with his fleet.
Casting away their lances and missile weapons, they drew their swords, and expected the charge: the Roman cavalry thrice passed the rivulet; they were thrice repulsed; and the conflict was firmly maintained, till Zano fell, and the standard of Belisarius was displayed.
Circling round the eastern extremity of the Euxine Sea, the navigation from Pityus to Trebizond is about three hundred miles.
Collecting an active body of troops, he marched with silence and celerity along the skirts of the Hercynian forest; and the Alemanni, laden with the spoils of Italy, arrived at the Danube, without suspecting, that on the opposite bank, and in an advantageous post, a Roman army lay concealed and prepared to intercept their return.
Confiding in the superiority of his genius and military power, he determined, without any previous injury, to exert them for the destruction of Licinius, whose advanced age and unpopular vices seemed to offer a very easy conquest.
Consuming their reason in these deep but unsubstantial meditations, their minds were exposed to illusions of fancy.
Contenting themselves, for the most part, with the milder chastisements of imprisonment, exile, or slavery in the mines, they left the unhappy victims of their justice some reason to hope, that a prosperous event, the accession, the marriage, or the triumph of an emperor, might speedily restore them, by a general pardon, to their former state.
Descending from his state, young Alexius was prompted by interest and gratitude to repeat his frequent and familiar visits to his Latin allies; and in the freedom of the table, the gay petulance of the French sometimes forgot the emperor of the East.
Detesting the corrupt and destructive maxims of despotism, I have considered the happiness of the people as the end of government.
Disdaining an ignominious flight, the virgins of the warm climate of Africa encountered the enemy in the closest engagement; they permitted priests and deacons to share their bed, and gloried amidst the flames in their unsullied purity.
Disdaining the language of flattery, the historian may confess, that in questions of private jurisprudence, the absolute sovereign of a great empire can seldom be influenced by any personal considerations.
Disdaining the penance and merit of a hermit, he observed, without effort or vanity, the abstemious diet of an Arab and a soldier.
Disdaining to shed their blood for the amusement of the populace, they killed their keepers, broke from the place of their confinement, and filled the streets of Rome with blood and confusion.
Disguising the anguish of his soul under the semblance of contempt, Constantius professed his intention of returning into Europe, and of giving chase to Julian; for he never spoke of his military expedition in any other light than that of a hunting party.
Disposing the legions in a semicircular form, he advanced the two horns of the crescent across the Danube, and wheeling them on a sudden towards the centre, enclosed the rear of the German host.
Embracing a favorable moment of fondness and devotion, she had persuaded the young emperor to adopt Alexander, and to invest him with the title of Cæsar, that his own divine occupations might be no longer interrupted by the care of the earth.
Embracing a favorable moment of fondness and devotion, she had persuaded the young emperor to adopt Alexander, and to invest him with the title of Caesar, that his own divine occupations might be no longer interrupted by the care of the earth.
Embracing an enterprise worthy of his courage and ambition, Theodoric addressed the emperor in the following words: "Although your servant is maintained in affluence by your liberality, graciously listen to the wishes of my heart!
Embracing as friends and martyrs, they unsheathed their cimeters, broke their scabbards, and maintained an obstinate combat, till they fell by each other's side on the last of their slaughtered countrymen.
Embracing as friends and martyrs, they unsheathed their scimeters, broke their scabbards, and maintained an obstinate combat, till they fell by each other's side on the last of their slaughtered countrymen.
Escaping to lakes, or rocks, or morasses, the affrighted crowds concealed some fragments of their wealth, and delayed the moment of their servitude.
Flying from the arms of the Moguls, those shepherds of the Caspian rolled headlong on Syria; and the union of the Franks with the sultans of Aleppo, Hems, and Damascus, was insufficient to stem the violence of the torrent.
Flying with rapidity from the hills of Media to the marshes of the Euphrates, he had everywhere opposed the invaders in person; and in either fortune had united with the ablest conduct the most undaunted resolution.
Forcing himself from the luxury of the palace, he appeared in arms at the head of his legions, and advanced beyond the Po to encounter his competitor.
Having incurred the displeasure of his master, Mamgo, with his followers, retired to the banks of the Oxus, and implored the protection of Sapor.
Having now finished the circuit of the Roman empire, we may observe, that Africa is divided from Spain by a narrow strait of about twelve miles, through which the Atlantic flows into the Mediterranean.
Imploring the protection and forgiveness of the emperor, they solemnly promised, as subjects in peace, and as soldiers in war, the most inviolable fidelity to the empire which should graciously receive them into its bosom.
Infusing his own spirit into a little army collected from the villages of Syria and the tents of the desert, he hovered round the Persian host, harassed their retreat, carried off part of the treasure, and, what was dearer than any treasure, several of the women of the great king; who was at last obliged to repass the Euphrates with some marks of haste and confusion.
Lamenting the barren superfluity of materials, I have studied to compress the narrative of these uninteresting transactions: but the just Nushirvan is still applauded as the model of Oriental kings, and the ambition of his grandson Chosroes prepared the revolution of the East, which was speedily accomplished by the arms and the religion of the successors of Mahomet.
Leaving his guards at the door, he seated himself (with the permission of the council) on a low stool in the midst of the hall.
Leaving the palace of Nicomedia in the night, he travelled post through Bithynia, Thrace, Dacia, Pannonia, Italy, and Gaul, and, amidst the joyful acclamations of the people, reached the port of Boulogne in the very moment when his father was preparing to embark for Britain.
Leaving the senators to enjoy their dream of freedom and ambition, Tacitus proceeded to the Thracian camp, and was there, by the Prætorian præfect, presented to the assembled troops, as the prince whom they themselves had demanded, and whom the senate had bestowed.
Leaving the senators to enjoy their dream of freedom and ambition, Tacitus proceeded to the Thracian camp, and was there, by the Praetorian praefect, presented to the assembled troops, as the prince whom they themselves had demanded, and whom the senate had bestowed.
Ordering his soldiers to provide themselves with biscuit for twenty days, he suddenly pitched his camp near Tongres, while the enemy still supposed him in his winter quarters of Paris, expecting the slow arrival of his convoys from Aquitain.
Passing from the sectaries of the law to the law itself, they asserted that it was impossible that a religion which consisted only of bloody sacrifices and trifling ceremonies, and whose rewards as well as punishments were all of a carnal and temporal nature, could inspire the love of virtue, or restrain the impetuosity of passion.
Rejecting with disdain the delicacies provided for his table, he satisfied his appetite with the coarse and common fare which was allotted to the meanest soldiers.
Renouncing the service of the emperor of the East, Alaric concluded, with the court of Ravenna, a treaty of peace and alliance, by which he was declared master-general of the Roman armies throughout the praefecture of Illyricum; as it was claimed, according to the true and ancient limits, by the minister of Honorius.
Resigning the sceptre to his son, he retired to the pleasant residence of Magnesia; but he retired to the society of saints and hermits.
Returning from the conquest of the East, Aurelian had already crossed the Straits which divided Europe from Asia, when he was provoked by the intelligence that the Palmyrenians had massacred the governor and garrison which he had left among them, and again erected the standard of revolt.
Rising from his throne, and advancing towards the congregation, he proclaimed in a loud voice: "We summon to our tribunal Pope Clement: and command him to reside in his diocese of Rome: we also summon the sacred college of cardinals.
Shaking the dust from his feet, the apostle withdrew from a city in which his dignity was insulted and his person was endangered; and the vanity of sacerdotal ambition is revealed in the involuntary confession, that one emperor was more tolerable than twenty.
Shaking the dust from their feet, they deposited on the altar of St. Sophia a direful anathema, which enumerates the seven mortal heresies of the Greeks, and devotes the guilty teachers, and their unhappy sectaries, to the eternal society of the devil and his angels.
Standing in the front of their ranks, he stretched the sleeve of his gown over the head of the foremost soldier, and his blessing was delivered in these words: "Let them be called Janizaries, ( Yengi cheri, or new soldiers;) may their countenance be ever bright!
Starting from his couch, the unsuspecting prince threw himself into the arms of his enemy, who had contrived his escape by a private staircase.
Steering the same course as in his former expedition, the Roman consul cast anchor before Catana in Sicily, to survey the strength of the island, and to decide whether he should attempt the conquest, or peaceably pursue his voyage for the African coast.
Subdividing themselves into smaller and smaller branches, they refreshed the dry lands, and supplied the deficiency of rain.
Submitting my actions to the laws of prudence, of justice, and of moderation, I have trusted the event to the care of Providence.
Summoning the chiefs of the colony, Cantacuzene affected to despise the trivial object of the debate; and, after a mild reproof, most liberally granted the lands, which had been previously resigned to the seeming custody of his officers.
Supplying by activity and artifice the deficiency of numbers, a part of their forces lay concealed in their tents, while the remainder prolonged an irregular skirmish with the enemy till the sun was high in the heavens.
Throwing himself between the trembling citizens and the most eager of the Barbarians, he adjured them, by the holy name of God, to respect his promise, to suspend their fury, and to wait the determination of their chiefs.
Unfolding the miraculous image of Christ, he urged them to revenge the holy altars which had been profaned by the worshippers of fire; addressing them by the endearing appellations of sons and brethren, he deplored the public and private wrongs of the republic.
Unfurling the holy banner, he resolved to fly to the relief of the prince of the apostles: the most numerous of his armies, six thousand horse, and thirty thousand foot, was instantly assembled; and his march from Salerno to Rome was animated by the public applause and the promise of the divine favor.
Unsheathing his maiden sword, he thrice brandished it to the three parts of the world, and thrice repeated the extravagant declaration, "And this too is mine!"
Varying his tone according to the age, the sex, or the situation of the prisoners, he frequently condescended to set before their eyes every circumstance which could render life more pleasing, or death more terrible; and to solicit, nay, to entreat, them, that they would show some compassion to themselves, to their families, and to their friends.
Viewing it in that odious light, it had been rejected with abhorrence by the first Caesars.
Winning their way by slow and painful efforts, the Saxons, the Angles, and their various confederates, advanced from the North, from the East, and from the South, till their victorious banners were united in the centre of the island.
Withdrawing into a private chamber with the empress, a chamberlain, an interpreter, and the four ambassadors, the father of young Alexius inquired with some anxiety into the nature of his stipulations.
Yielding at length to the pressing solicitations of Gallus, the præfect condescended to take his seat in council; but his first step was to signify a concise and haughty mandate, importing that the Cæsar should immediately repair to Italy, and threatening that he himself would punish his delay or hesitation, by suspending the usual allowance of his household.
Yielding to the first impulse of the torrent, he deposited his family and treasure in Nice; retired to the mountains with fifty thousand horse; and twice descended to assault the camps or quarters of the Christian besiegers, which formed an imperfect circle of above six miles.

George Washington's Inaugural Address has one:

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave; but not without resorting once more to the benign Parent of the Human Race in humble supplication that, since He has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with unparalleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the temperate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this Government must depend.

John Adams' Inaugural has four:

Employed in the service of my country abroad during the whole course of these transactions, I first saw the Constitution of the United States in a foreign country.

Irritated by no literary altercation, animated by no public debate, heated by no party animosity, I read it with great satisfaction, as the result of good heads prompted by good hearts, as an experiment better adapted to the genius, character, situation, and relations of this nation and country than any which had ever been proposed or suggested.

Claiming a right of suffrage, in common with my fellow-citizens, in the adoption or rejection of a constitution which was to rule me and my posterity, as well as them and theirs, I did not hesitate to express my approbation of it on all occasions, in public and in private.

Returning to the bosom of my country after a painful separation from it for ten years, I had the honor to be elected to a station under the new order of things, and I have repeatedly laid myself under the most serious obligations to support the Constitution.

As I said, a valid quantitative history awaits the discovery or construction of an appropriate automatic analysis method, as well as an appropriate dataset to run it on (the historical archive of The Atlantic would work) — but I'm skeptical that Mr. Owens is correct in his belief that initial appositives are not only annoying to him, but also a new development. My guess is that it's a stylistic option that's been around from the beginning, and (like all such options) is used to different extents by different writers.

Update — I should note that in most (though not all) of the cited examples, the initial appositive modifies a pronominal subject. In such cases, a post-subject position of the appositive would be awkward, though grammatical:

Unfurling the holy banner, he resolved to fly to the relief of the prince of the apostles
?He, unfurling the holy banner, resolved to fly to the relief of the prince of the apostles.

 



19 Comments

  1. Annie Gottlieb said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 1:21 pm

    That's a fantastic, irrefutable refutation! Thank you!

    The New Yorker doesn't have comments sections so I couldn't grab Owen by the throat and yell, "The problem isn't INITIAL appositives, it's DANGLING appositives!!" "A former resident of Brooklyn, her survivors include three daughters and five grandchildren." "Known affectionately as 'the girls,' their zookeepers say Ruth and Emily have a lot of fun for two Asian elephants."

    People don't even know what these (and dangling participles) are anymore or why you shouldn't use them. I am a copy editor and the task of correcting these and pointing out what's wrong with them feels Augean. My spiel: "A participial or appositive phrase is like a baby duck: IT FOLLOWS THE FIRST THING IT SEES [right after the comma]." The zookeepers, therefore, are known affectionately as 'the girls.'"

    Some of the unintentional results are quite hilarious. I've collected some, e.g.,

    “While writing these words a red-tailed hawk landed on a branch outside my window. Possibly a fugitive from the fire, I saw it first a few days ago.”
    “Thought to have been long extinct, scientists discovered these ‘living fossils’ in 1938.”
    “Destined to be called an instant classic, I could not put this stunning book down.”
    (Four Swedish police officers were tourists in Manhattan.)"While on their way to watch “Les Miserables,” two homeless men started fighting on an uptown 6 train in the middle of rush hour . . ."

  2. Taylor, Philip said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 1:22 pm

    I am not even certain that (as claimed) "You wouldn’t use one in an e-mail or a text to a friend, either" — I can certainly imagine sending an e-mail to my wife which started "Failing to get to the station in time to catch the 08:40 for London Paddington today, I have had to abandon my planned trip to London as no later train will get me there in time. Ah well, maybe tomorrow. Sigh.". Whether this is a genuine appositive I am uncertain, but it is certainly in one-to-one correspondence with the final example in the set above ("Returning to the bosom of my country after a painful separation from it for ten years, I had the honor to be elected to a station under the new order of things, …").

  3. Annie Gottlieb said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 1:26 pm

    We do all have our pet peeves, and mine are what I call "verbal deadwood": "there is," "in order to," "the fact that," "thing" (when not talking about an actual object), and the unnecessary "that"s and "of"s with which people dutifully litter their sentences, turning them into run-ons. (You don't always have to say "all OF the …" or "the thing THAT I hate most.") I myself use some of these "things" when speaking, or writing casually, but I find formal writing becomes brighter and sharper if they are removed.

  4. Taylor, Philip said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 1:30 pm

    … whilst I find that I frequently omit most, if not all, of the "that"s and "of"s that a passage requires on the first pass, but then go back and insert them during the proof-reading phase. That is, I compose in a less formal register, then upgrade to fully formal during proof-reading.

  5. Terry K. said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 2:19 pm

    The examples early in the post strike me as typical of newspaper articles. Which I think is a case of them being what Annie Gottlieb calls dangling appositives.

  6. Y said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 2:36 pm

    The question of what makes preposed appositives ugly is not as simple as Owen, Liberman, or Gottlieb make it to be. Gottlieb's dangling appositive howlers deserve the mockery, to be sure. But that's not what's wrong with Owen's hypothetical “A sophomore at Cornell, my niece is coming home for Christmas” and “Sixty-six years old, my wife is an incredible cook”, and the actual "A former resident of Brooklyn, Mrs. Jones is survived by three daughters and five grandchildren." The latter two are clunky, among other reasons, because they foreground secondary information unrelated to the main referent. The first is clunky partly because of that ("sophomore", "Cornell"), and partly for the misplaced high register. Incidentally, I don't know that the briefer, more to-the-point "A student, my niece is coming home for Christmas" would ever be used in any context.
    Liberman's many examples are not really comparable. These participial phrases describe the background to the main action ("Having searched… I found…"), and as long as they serve that function, they read well, though at a high register.

    Nabokov's Pale Fire popped into my head. Examples:

    I walked at my own risk: whipped by the bough,
    Tripped by the stump. Asthmatic, lame and fat,
    I never bounced a ball or swung a bat.

    A haughty and morose captive, he was caged in his rose-stone palace from a corner turret…

    . A slow worker, he needed half a century to translate the works of him whom he called "dze Bart," in their entirety.

  7. Joe said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 2:46 pm

    I call this a "biographical appositive" because (in modern text) it seems to appear in biographies and rarely anywhere else. It reads like the author is trying to cram as many facts as possible into one sentence, either because they're pressed for column-inches or just because it's too hard to list all the facts without a dull, repetitive sentence structure ("Ruth and Emily are known affectionately as "the girls." They have a lot of fun for two Asian elephants. They are ages 54 and 48. They spend their days tinkering with an array of special toys at the Buttonwood Park Zoo in Massachusetts.")

    Usually it reads fine to me stylistically, except for being a cliché that you can't help noticing every time after you've noticed it once, but once a while it really does derail the flow of the sentence as Owen complains.

  8. VVOV said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 3:50 pm

    '"No one has ever said to you, “A sophomore at Cornell, my niece is coming home for Christmas,” or “Sixty-six years old, my wife is an incredible cook.” Either sentence, if spoken, would sound almost comical, as though the speaker were struggling to learn English. (You wouldn’t use one in an e-mail or a text to a friend, either.) Yet, if you were writing an obituary for your college’s alumni magazine, let’s say, you wouldn’t hesitate: “A standout schoolboy athlete, he ran his family’s door-and-window business.”'

    This isn't an argument that the "Bad Things" construction is incorrect… it's an argument that newspaper articles are written in a different register than spoken language, e-mails, or text messages.

    Beyond just prescriptivist peeving, what's most egregious in Owen's piece is his seeming unawareness of the concept of linguistic register.

  9. Jarek Weckwerth said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 4:11 pm

    Joe is 100% on the money.

  10. Brian said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 4:18 pm

    Meanwhile, it's easy to identify sentences that start with VERB+ing or VERB-ed words, and then to exclude the ones that are not genuine appositives

    This seems a strange choice for a filter, given that it doesn't match any of David Owen's examples (with the possible exception of "known"). I would have guessed that David Owen wouldn't find those examples nearly as annoying (though of course I have no good way of testing that notion).

  11. Haamu said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 4:49 pm

    It really isn't possible for something like this to be "objectively objectionable," is it?

    I'm struggling to decide whether this is merely the newer usage of "objectively" (as when I recently overheard a couple of twenty-somethings discuss whether an acquaintance was "objectively hot") or, instead, a misappropriation of the traditional meaning, in an effort to ascribe to the assertion an unearned authority.

    And by the way, which is objectionable: the practice (per the article) or the peeve (per the article's title)? My puzzlement compelled me to click through to read the entire thing.

    From both of the foregoing, I conclude the title is a joke. For those of you who got that immediately, thanks for waiting for me to catch up.

  12. Barry Cusack said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 4:53 pm

    One must not overlook the attractiveness of the pre-positioned appositive, such as “A former resident of Brooklyn, Mrs. Jones is survived … etc”. This consists in the minor moment of suspense when the reader is not certain of the noun to which the opening phrase refers. This is clearer with David Owen’s later example: “No mere plastic playthings, these toys have been engineered to appeal to the pachyderms’ social nature, psychology, and intelligence”. “No mere plastic playthings” is a description of certain things; but exactly which things is not certain until the point when the referent is specified i.e. “these toys”.
    This little stratagem keeps the reader’s mind active, always having to follow the thought closely. In fact, like a car in a movie chase, it starts in one direction and then swerves in another (as David Owen recognises), being kept enthralled. In journalese, this can be seen as a virtue not a vice.

  13. Vulcan with a Mullet said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 5:30 pm

    I don't even engage with OBJECTIVE stupidity like the peever's (clealy provable as incorrect) claim that these usages are somehow "new" any more.
    Uh oh I guess now I am engaging. Oh well. That's all. No more. Life is too short.

  14. CD said,

    January 13, 2023 @ 7:32 pm

    I think there is a narrow style point to be made that

    "A former resident of Brooklyn, Mrs. Jones is survived by three daughters and five grandchildren."

    connects two bits of information that have no logical or narrative tie, which is not the case form most of your examples e.g.

    "Flying from the arms of the Moguls, those shepherds of the Caspian rolled headlong on Syria"

    *My* peeve is that everything connected with uttering or writing words gets called "grammar."

  15. Philip Anderson said,

    January 14, 2023 @ 4:23 am

    @Barry Cusack
    For journalists, I think there’s an additional attraction in that the opening phrase of the article is most likely to catch the reader’s attention, inviting continuation:
    Mrs Jones … – who is she?
    A former resident of Brooklyn … – residents of Brooklyn wake up.
    Similarly, “a 66 year old woman” or “mother of three” creates a human-interest story.

    Pace CD, there is a tie in here, and as VVOV said, this is a specifically journalistic trick. There are many worse ones: a fondness for dramatic words like fury and synonymitis spring to mind.

  16. Jonathan Lundell said,

    January 14, 2023 @ 12:53 pm

    “Owen makes the fair point that such initial appositives are unlikely in spoken language,” but are they any less likely than a post-subject appositive? No one has ever said to you, “My niece, a sophomore at Cornell, is coming home for Christmas,” or “My wife, sixty-six years old, is an incredible cook.” Appositives are generally reserved for written English.

  17. CD said,

    January 14, 2023 @ 2:25 pm

    Fleeing Moguls explains why one rolls into Syria and in what frame of mind. Whereas being ex-Brooklyn does not cause (or constrain) being survived by three daughters and five grandchildren, nor does it make my understanding of those facts more vivid. Do people with a period of residence in Brooklyn dote on their grandchildren in a particular way?

    A more interesting question might be be why we would jib at rewriting the Jones example as two short declarative sentences, which seems more syntactically honest, and easier to read. All the supposed advantages of interest-sparking remain. Does a succession of short simple sentences read as crude or childish?

  18. Biscia said,

    January 14, 2023 @ 6:52 pm

    I had the unfortunate experience of reading that article right after translating a few dozen lengthy artist bios into English from a language that really loves its appositives. For a minute there the author had me feeling horrible: I thought back to all the “Bad Things” I had automatically shooed away from the beginning of sentences in the first draft, only to let at least half of them drift straight back in the second when I decided the whole thing was starting to sound like it was written for fourth-graders. Should I have tried harder? Was the proliferating appositive phenomenon the fault of sloppy translators? Were people going to post my catalogue entries on social media with a sneering #BadThings hashtag?
    Of course not – it’s just hard to write bios without them, as I should know by now and as Joe correctly points out. Thanks for the reality check.

  19. Greg Hullender said,

    January 16, 2023 @ 10:58 am

    What we're really talking about here is cataphoric reference. That's when a reference (typically a pronoun, but others are possible) comes before the antecedent. E.g. "When she won the contest, Anna was more surprised than anyone."

    You can certainly have a cataphoric appositive: "The butler, John, opened the door." This sentence is so simple that I suspect even Owen wouldn't object to it; I think his real issue is with clumsy cataphora. That reduces the whole discussion to one of style, not grammar.

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